b'* IMPORTANT NOTES FOR TABLE 5 AND TABLE 6:1. The tables above are designed to suggest to the reader basic life expectancies assuming homogeneous soil andconstant soil moisture. These tables are not intended to be used in place of a corrosion analysis and design.Thistable is not to be considered a substitute for field measurements of pH and resistivity; and a site specific corrosionanalysis.2.The life expectancies predicted in Tables 5 & 6 were calculated using recognized engineering principles and arefor general information only.While believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon forany specific application without competent professional examination by a registered professional engineer andverified for accuracy or suitability to the application and site.3.Reaching the end of the stated life does not indicate that the pile will fail; rather a slow reduction of the factor ofsafety will occur as the ultimate pile capacity decreases.Failure could occur in months or many years laterdepending upon the soil conditions and the installed product.4.The tables allow for ten percent of the cross-section of the product to corrode away from the solid steel barsand ten per cent of wall thickness from the tubular sections.This extra material was required for torsional strengthwhen installing the helical pile, or for field load testing the steel pier pipe.The Torque Anchor or ECP Steel Pier should retain the original design capacity with the full factor of safety intact even with this small amount of metalloss.5.Variations in soil moisture content from season to season and year to year can adversely affect service life.Low field moisture content produces low corrosion rates even if corrosion elements are present.Stray currentsfrom pipe lines, power lines, etc may also affect the life of the pile or pier.Corrosivity, resistivity and pH testing isalways recommended in problem soils.6.Hot Dip Galvanize process on brackets and other products and the 4 inch diameter ECP Steel Pier pipeproducts meet or exceed ASTM A123Grade 75.The 3 inch and 3-1/2 inch diameter by 0.165 inch wall ECPSteel Pier pipe uses a high speed galvanizing process of sheet steel.These piers offer corrosion protection toASTM A653/A G90.The galvanizing is equivalent to 0.32 oz/ft 2(minimum) to 0.45 oz/ft 2of zinc, or 0.76 milsthickness per side.7. Once the resistivity becomes higher than 1,000 ohm-cm, the galvanized solid square shaft helical pile productprovides a minimum service life exceeding 44 years, when not subjected to soil pH values outside the range ofTable 5 or to stray underground currents.Life expectancies exceeding 50 years can be expected for galvanizedhelical tubular products when the resistivity is above 5,000 ohm-cm.8.As thepredictedlifeexpectancyincreasesbeyond40years,the marginforerrorincreasesdramaticallybecausethe lifeexpectancyestimatesarecalculatedfromempiricalequations derivedfrom fieldtestingandprojected beyond the length of time for the actual corrosion testing.ResultsofFieldTestedGalvanized Table 7.Corrosion of Galvanized Steel Pipe*CoatingLife: TheNationalBureauofin Contact with Various SoilsStandardconductedtestingofcorrosionof Inorganic Soils Zinc Loss /yr Life of Zinc**metals in soils.As early as 1924, research on (mil per year) (years)corrosion of galvanized pipe was in progress. Acid SoilsOxidizingIn 1937 a zinc corrosion study began using 1- Cecil Clay Loam 0.08 661/2 inch diameter galvanized steel pipe with Hagerstown Loam 0.08 66a 5.3 mil (0.0053) zinc coating.The results Susquehanna Clay 0.11 48from the testing are shown in Table 7.The Acid SoilsReducingtestalsofoundthatthegalvanization Sharkey Clay 0.15 35prevented pitting of the steel even after the Acadia Clay 0.91 6zinc coating was completely consumed.The Alkaline SoilsOxidizingbaresteelthatwasformallyunderthe Chino Silt Loam 0.15 35galvanization corroded at a much slower rate Mohave Fine Gravelly Loam 0.15 35thancomparablebaresteelunderidentical Alkaline SoilsReducingconditions. Docas Clay 0.22 24Merced Silt Loam 0.10 53* Test of buried 1-1/2 diameter steel pipe with 5.3 Organic Acid Soil - Reducingmilsofzincgalvanizing NationalBureauof Carlisle Muck 0.44 12Standards1937. Life expectancy is only forgalvanize coating and not any loss of steel. Tidal Mush 0.38 14EARTH CONTACT PRODUCTS Muck 1.42 4Designed and Engineered to Rifle Peat 2.64 2Perform Cinders 1.64 3ECP Technical Design Manual -Corrosion Life2021 Earth Contact Products, L.L.C.2021-09 Chapter 8 - Page 157 All rights reserved'