b'Estimating Structural LoadsTwo structural loads are usually specified in thedesign.DeadLoads (DL) arepermanent Symbols Used In This Chapterweightsthatarealwaysappliedtothe A cyl Piston area of hydraulic cylinderin 2foundation. Examples of Dead Loads are loads DL Dead Loadlb/ftassociatedwithcomponentsliketheroof F Cyl Force from hydraulic cylinder - lbframing,thefloorstructureandthemasonry. FS Factor Of Safety (Generally FS = 2)Live Loads are weights on the foundation thatcanchange. LiveLoads (LL) aretheweights H Wall Height - ftassociated with the occupants, storage, snow and LL Live Loadlb/ftwind force,etc.Thegoalistoachievean Standard Penetration Test (SPT) Results.N = Number of blows with a 140 lb hammer toaccurate estimated weight along the perimeter of penetrate the soil a distance of one foot.(Note:thestructureandinteriorwherefoundation N N may be given directly or in 3 segments.Always add the last two segment counts to getrestorationisneeded.Theeasiestwayto value for N is 4/5/7;Use N = 12.)accomplish a foundation load estimate is to break P cyl Pressure applied to hydraulic cylinder - psithestructureintocomponents, one estimates P DSL Recommended design service loadlb.weight for each component and then adds all ofthe results together.One only needs to inspect P L Pier lifting loadlb.thestructureandbefamiliarwithtypical P u Ultimate pier capacity*lb.building codes in the area to be able to calculate P w Working or design loadlb.theloadsfromconstructiondetailsor usethe W Distributed load along foundationlb/lin.ft.tables provided here to estimate the foundation W d Permanent soil load on footing toeloads. W T Temporary soil loadBenefits of Estimating Foundation Loads X Pier Spacing - ft Thedesignwillbemoreaccurateandthere * Unfactored Limit, use as nominal, P uvalue per design codeswillbegreaterrestorationsuccesswithlesschance of a call back from the owner later. together.Tables 2 through 9 provide estimated Thedesignerwillhavegreaterconfidence general componentloadsonafoundationpresenting his design to owners and engineers perimeter. Afterinspectingthestructureandwhen he has prepared a load estimate. havingknowledgeoftypicalconstruction Pierplacementsareeasilyjustifiedbecause techniquesandbuildingcodes, thetablestheloadanalysisdeterminesthepier provided can be used to estimate the foundationplacement design that can provide immediate loads.restoration and long term support. Estimating Commercial Building Loads The owner will perceive the designer as being Becausecommercialconstructionandbuildinga more competent contractor because he was useissovaried,itisnotpracticaltoproducecareful and thorough with the design, showed tablessimilartoTable2throughTable7forattention to details, a prepared a solid design. commercialstructures,but in Table10 TypicalHighlydetailedproposalsaregenerallymore Weightsof Common Building Materials isreadilyacceptedthangeneralrepairoutlines, providedforthedesignerto estimateperimeterwhich translate to more work for the company. and footing loads based on his knowledge aboutThere will be greater client satisfaction with the theconstructionmaterialsandtechniques thatfinal product when an accurate structural weight were usedtoconstructthe distressed structure.estimateiscalculatedattheperimeter and Toprepare aloadestimate,simplyusetheinterior(ifneeded) ofthestructure where component weights shown in Table 10 to createfoundation restoration is required. We suggest loads for each structural element of the building,thattheeasiestwaytoaccomplisha quick and then sum these loads to arrive at an estimatedfoundation load estimate is to break the structure perimeter load. We recommend that this loadinto general components, estimate the weight for beincreasedby10-15%toaccountforeach component and then add all of the results unknown or underestimated items.ECP Steel Piers - Technical Design Manual2021 Earth Contact Products, L.L.C.2021-09 Chapter 6 - Page 118 All rights reserved'